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Edmund Burke¿Í Tom PaineÀ» Áß½ÉÀ¸·Î
¿¡µå¸Õµå¹öÅ©(Edmund Burke, 1729~1797)´Â ¾ÆÀÏ·£µå Ãâ½ÅÀÇ ¿µ±¹ º¸¼öÁÖÀÇ Á¤Ä¡ÀÎÀÌÀÚ Ã¶ÇÐÀÚÀÌ´Ù. ±×´Â ÃÖÃÊÀÇ ±Ù´ëÀû º¸¼öÁÖÀÇÀÚ·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖ´Ù. ±×ÀÇ Àú¼ `Reflections on the revolution in France` (1790)´Â ÇÁ¶û½º Çõ¸íÀÇ À§Ç輺¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±×ÀÇ ÁÖÀåÀÌ ´ã°ÜÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ ±ÛÀº º¸¼öÁÖÀÇ¿¡ ¸Â¼´Â °³Çõ·ÐÀÚµéÀ» ºñÆÇÇÏ°í ¸í¿¹Çõ¸íÀ¸·Î ¼ö¸³µÈ ¿µ±¹ÀÇ ÇåÁ¤Á¦µµÀÇ ¾ÈÀü¼º°ú ÀüÅ뼺À» ¿ËÈ£Çϱâ À§ÇØ ¾²¿©Áø ÆÔÇø´ÀÌ´Ù.±Û¿¡¼ ¹öÅ©´ÂÇÁ¶û½º Çõ¸íÁ¤ºÎÀÇ °ú°Ý¼ºÀ» ÁöÀûÇÏ°í ´ç½Ã ÇÁ¶û½º¿¡ ¸¸¿¬ÇÏ¿´´ø °è¸ùÁÖÀÇ¿Í ÇÕ¸®ÁÖÀǸ¦ ºñÆÇÇÏ¸é¼ º¸¼öÁÖÀÇ »ç»óÀ» ³ªÅ¸³Â´Ù. ±×´Â Æø·ÂÇõ¸íÀ¸·Î ¹øÁø ÇÁ¶û½ºÇõ¸íÀ» ¿¹·Î µé¾î ¿À·£ ¿ª»ç¸¦ °¡Áö°í ¼ºÀåÇÑ »çȸ°¡ ¹«³ÊÁú ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ ±ÛÀº ¾î¶°ÇÑ À̷мÀÇ ¼º°ÝÀ» Áö´Ï°í Àֱ⺸´Ù´Â Á÷Á¢ÀûÀ¸·Î ¾ð±ÞÀÌ µÇÁö ¾ÊÀº Æĸ®ÀÇ ½Å»ç¿¡°Ô º¸³»´Â ÆíÁö±ÛÀÇ Çü½ÄÀ» ÃëÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÆíÁö±ÛÀÇ Çü½ÄÀ» ÃëÇÏ°í Àֱ⿡ ÀÌ ±ÛÀº °¨Á¤ÀûÀ̱⵵ ÇÏÁö¸¸ »ó´ë¸¦ ¼³µæ½ÃÅ°±â À§ÇØ ³í¸®ÀûÀΠƯ¡ÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³ª±âµµ ÇÑ´Ù. Áï ÀÌ ±ÛÀº ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ½Å³äÀ» µå·¯³»´Âµ¥¡¦(»ý·«)
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The precept given by a wise man, as well as a great critic, for the construction of poems, is equally true as to states:Non satisestpulchraessepoemata, dulciasunto. There ought to be a system of manners in every nation, which a well-formed mind would be disposed to relish. To make us love our country, our country ought to be lovely.
¹öÅ©´Â ÇÁ¶û½ºÇõ¸íÀÌ °¡Áö´Â Ư¡À» ´Ù¾çÇÑ ºñÀ¯·Î Ç¥ÇöÇß´Ù. ¡°The offspring of cold hearts¡±¿Í ¡°muddy understandings¡±´Â ³ÃöÇÑ À̼ºÀ» Ç¥¹æÇÏ´ÂÇÁ¶û½ºÇõ¸íÀÇ ÁÖµµÀÚÀÇ Æ¯Â¡°ú ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¡®À̼º¡¯ÀÇ Ãø¸éÀ» À߸ø ÀÌÇØÇÏ°í¼ »çȸ¸¦ Æøµ¿À¸·Î ¸ô¾Æ³Ö´Â ż¼¸¦ Ç¥ÇöÇÑ ¸»ÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ »çȸ¿¡´Â ¡°gallows¡±, Áï ±³¼ö´ë¸¸ÀÌ ³²À» °ÍÀ̶ó°í ¸»Çϸç ÇÁ¶û½ºÇõ¸íÀÌ °¡Áö´Â Æø·Â¼º°ú ÀÜÀÎÇÔÀ» ºñÀ¯ÀÇ ±â¹ýÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© Ãà¾àÀûÀ¸·Î Àß Àü´ÞÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¼ö»çÀû ±â¹ýÀº Àд ÀÌÀÇ °¨°¢À» ÀÚ±ØÇÏ¿© ±Û¿¡ ´õ ¸ôÀÔÀ» ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï µ½´Â ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÑ´Ù. ´Ü¼øÈ÷ÇÁ¶û½ºÇõ¸íÀÇ Æø·Â¼ºÀ» ¸»Çϱ⠺¸´Ù´Â, ¡°ÇÁ¶û½ºÇõ¸í ÈÄ¿¡ ¿ì¸®°¡ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀº ±³¼ö´ë»Ó ÀÏ °ÍÀÌ´Ù¡± ¶ó°í Ç¥ÇöÇÏ¸é ¡®±³¼ö´ë¡¯¶ó´Â ´Ü¾î°¡ µ¶ÀÚÀÇ ½Ã°¢Àû »ó»ó·ÂÀ» ÀÚ±ØÇÏ°Ô µÇ°í, ¶ÇÇÑ ±³¼ö´ë°¡ ÁÖ´Â À̹ÌÁöÀÇ ÀÜȤÇÔÀÌ ÇÁ¶û½ºÇõ¸íÀÇ Æø·Â¼º°ú Àß °áÇÕµÇ¾î ³ªÅ¸³ª ÀÛÀÚ°¡ Àü´ÞÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÏ´Â Àǹ̰¡ °¨Á¤ÀûÀ¸·Î Àß Àü´ÞµÈ´Ù.
¶ÇÇÑ ÇÁ¶û½ºÇõ¸íÀÌ ³»¼¼¿ì´Â öÇÐ(philosophy)¸¦ ´Ù¾çÇÑ ´Ü¾î¸¦ »ç¿ëÇؼ Ç¥ÇöÇß´Ù. ÀÌ ¹®´Ü¿¡¼´Â ¡°barbarous¡±¿Í ¡°mechanic¡±À̶ó´Â Ç¥ÇöÀÌ ¾²¿´´Âµ¥ ÀÌ µÎ Ç¥ÇöÀº ÇÁ¶û½ºÇõ¸íÀÌ ³»¼¼¿ì´Â öÇÐÀÇ µÎ ¾ó±¼À» Àß º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù. ÀÜȤÇÑ(barbarous) öÇÐÀ̶ó´Â ¸»À» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© Æø·ÂÀû ±¤±âÀÇ