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Epithelial malignant ovarian cancer, commonly referred to as ovarian cancer, is a significant health concern that predominantly affects women, particularly those aged 50 and older. It accounts for approximately 90% of all ovarian cancers and originates from the epithelial cells that line the ovary. The insidious nature of this disease often results in late diagnosis, as early-stage ovarian cancer typically presents few or no symptoms. This late presentation contributes significantly to its high mortality rate, making it the fifth leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women. The complexity of ovarian cancer is further heightened by the fact that it can manifest in various histological subtypes, including serous, mucinous, endometrioid, and clear cell carcinomas, each exhibiting distinct biological behavior and prognostic outcomes. Risk factors for epithelial ovarian cancer include age, family history, genetic predispositions, particularly mutations in the BRCA1 and BR¡¦(»ý·«)
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