플라톤과 데미우르고스: 세계 설명과 세계 제작자연과학레포트

플라톤과 데미우르고스: 세계 설명과 세계 제작

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자료설명

플라톤의 『티마이오스』에는 세계 제작에 관한 이야기가 나온다. 1부에서는 천문학적 설명이 나오고 2부에서는 4원소 이론과 그 이론을 응용한 화학...

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플라톤의 『티마이오스』에는 세계 제작에 관한 이야기가 나온다. 1부에서는 천문학적 설명이 나오고 2부에서는 4원소 이론과 그 이론을 응용한 화학 이론이, 3부에서는 생물학적 설명이 나온다. 그런데 오랫 동안 논란의 대상이 된 것은 바로 세계 제작자 데미우르고스의 정체이다. 데미우르고스는 1부에서 세계의 원인(aitia)로 등장하며, 세계의 아버지(patêr)로 불린다. 하지만 그는 2부에서 전면에 나타나지 않으며, 아버지라는 은유는 형상에 적용된다. 또한 2부에서 세계를 설명하는 세 가지 요인을 꼽을 때 데미우르고스는 들어가지 않는 것처럼 보인다. 1부에서 세계 제작자 데미우르고스는 완전한 모델인 이데아를 보고 세계를 제작한다. 이에 반해 2부에서는 형상이 제3의 종 수용자(hypodochê)와 직접 관계하는 것처럼 보인다. 이와 관련해서 우리는 플라톤이 데미우르고스와 형상의 관계를 밝히려는 작업을 더 밀고 나가지 않았다고 여길 수 있다. 이후에 초기 기독교 사상은 이데아를 신의 생각으로 삼음으로써 데미우르고스와 형상의 관계를 자기 나름대로 설명하려 했다.
이 글에서는 논란이 많은 데미우르고스의 정체를 밝히려 한다. 그동…(생략)

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Plato and demiurge: explanation and constitution of the world

This article aims at identifying the demiurge who constructs the world in Plato`s Timaeus. My thesis is as follows: the demiurge is a metaphor for Timaeus who explains the world and the changes in it; Timaeus is a mouthpiece of Plato, the author of the “Timaeus”, who stands for human reason; That the demiurge constructs the world in the ontological level, could mean, therefore, that the human reason reconstructs the world via logos in the epistemological level: the world is made in the theory (logos). It means that the explanation of the becoming of the world in the “Timaeus” is a cosmology rather than a cosmogony.
In order to support this thesis, the similarities between the roles and activities of demiurge and Timaeus are suggested: (1) the demiurge and Timaeus both are poiêtês. The demiurge is a poiêtês who makes the world in the ontological level (ergô), whereas Timaeus is a poiêtês who makes the world in the epistemological level (logô). This can justify that the demiurge is a metaphor for Timaues, for the explanation and its object are relatives (syngenês) which means `same` in the “Timaeus”. There are many other similarities which show that the demiurge is a metaphor for Timaeus. Futhermore, the fact that Plato does not, in fact, distinguish between the god and the gods in the “Timaeus” can indirectly imply that the demiurge, the god, is a metaphor for Timaues, the human reason.

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