11°ú ¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀÇ°¡ ¾î¶»°Ô Àß ÀÛµ¿Çϴ°¡?
Dear Lily,
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You will often have been told that you live in a `democracy` and that this is wonderful, something that should be exported all over the world. But what does `democracy` mean and how does it work?
´ç½ÅÀº Á¾Á¾ ´ç½ÅÀÌ ¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀÇ¿¡ »ì°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â ¸»À» µè°Ô µÉ °ÍÀ̸ç, ÀÌ ¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀÇ´Â ¸ÚÁø °ÍÀÌ°í, Àü ¼¼°è·Î ÆÛÁ®¾ß¸¸ ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ¡®¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀÇ¡¯´Â ¹«¾ùÀ» ÀǹÌÇÏ¸ç ¾î¶»°Ô ¿î¿µµÇ´Â °ÍÀΰ¡?
There are, in fact, two meanings. One is what I shall call `Democracy`, with a capital `D`.
»ç½Ç, 2°¡Áö Àǹ̰¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ù°·Î ³ª´Â ¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀǸ¦ ´ë¹®ÀÚ D¶ó°í ºÎ¸£°í ½Í´Ù.
This is defined by the Shorter Ocford English Dictionary as "goverment by the people; that form of government in which the sovereign power resides in the people."
ÀÌ°ÍÀº ÁÖ±ÇÀº ±¹¹Î¿¡°Ô ÀÖ´Ù´Â ¡°±¹¹Î¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ Á¤ºÎ¡±·Î½á ¿Á½ºÆÛµå ¿µ¿µ »çÀü¿¡¼ Á¤ÀÇµÈ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
It means that one person has one vote, with ¡¦(»ý·«)
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¿Õ)µéµµ Æ÷ÇԵȴÙ.
`Democracy` itself can take several forms, including republicanism, as in the Unite States of France, or limited monarchy, as in Britain.
¡®¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀÇ¡¯µµ ÇÁ¶û½º ¿¬ÇÕ°øȱ¹Ã³·³ °øÈÁÖÀÇ, ȤÀº ¿µ±¹°ú °°ÀÌ ÀÔÇå ±ºÁÖÁ¦Ã³·³ ¿©·¯ ÇüŸ¦ ÃëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
Since Democracy is now the aspiration of many and the most popular form of government on earth, you may think that it has a long and successful history.
¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀÇ°¡ ÀÌÁ¦´Â Áö±¸»ó¿¡¼ ¸¹Àº ³ª¶óµéÀÌ ¿¸ÁÇÏ°í °¡Àå ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ Á¤ºÎÀÇ ÇüÅ°¡ µÇ¾ú´Ù. ´ç½ÅÀº ÀÌ ¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀÇ°¡ ±æ°í ¼º°øÀûÀÎ ¿ª»ç¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÒ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù.
Not at all. One hundred years ago no one lived in a Democracy in the strict sense of the word.
±× »ý°¢Àº ¿ÏÀü Ʋ·È´Ù. ¾ö¹ÐÈ÷ ¸»Çϸé 100³â Àü ¸¸Çصµ ±× ´©±¸µµ ¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀÇ¿¡ »ì°í ÀÖÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù.
In the middle of the twentieth century the few existing Democracies were nearly wiped out by fascism (the ideology of the state power) and communism (the ideology of abolition of the state and private property).
20¼¼±â Áß¹Ý Á¸ÀçÇÏ´ø ¼Ò¼öÀÇ ¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀÇ ±¹°¡µéÀº ÆĽÃÁò(±¹°¡±Ç·ÂÀÇ À̳ä)°ú °ø»êÁÖÀÇ(±¹°¡¿Í °³ÀÎÀÇ »çÀ¯Àç»ê ÆóÁöÀÇ À̳ä)À¸·Î ÀÎÇØ °ÅÀÇ »ç¶óÁö±â Á÷ÀüÀ̾ú´Ù.
Until 1980, Democracy was still a monority form of government.
1980³â ±îÁöµµ, ¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀÇ ÇüŸ¦